From the Angle of wave motion optics, on the principle of Huyghens, explaining the light of refraction. Simplifying the picture of the light of refraction and then getting a simple drawing method.

从波动光学的角度，用惠更斯原理解释了光的折射现象，根据惠更斯原理所作的折射光线进行简化，得出较为简单的作图方法。

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One source of error is refraction, the bending of light beams as they pass through air layers of different temperature and pressure.

误差的一个来源是折射，即光束通过不同温度和压力的空气层时发生的弯曲现象。

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Rapidly changing refraction due to turbulence along the line of sight affects different colors of light by different amounts and generally produces a twinkling effect for stars.

由于湍流而快速变化的折射在视线中会影响到光的不同颜色，这种影响也各不相同，一般会给恒星产生一种闪烁的效果。

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The flash itself is actually a second image of the sun, caused by refraction of its light through the layer of air closest to the sea.

ECONOMIST: In a flash

This refraction eliminates both the red end of the spectrum (red light is not bent enough by the air layer to form part of the second image) and the blue frequencies (which are scattered away: this selective scattering is why the sky is blue).

ECONOMIST: In a flash