Analogous to a snow avalanche on a steep mountain slope, an incoming light pulse initially frees just a few charge carriers which in turn free others until the original signal is amplified many times.

像陡峭山坡上的雪崩一样，一束入射光的脉冲最初仅仅释放少数的电荷载子(charge carrier)，这些电荷载子再轮流释放其他的载子，直到原始信号被放大很多次。

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It is called a shift register because the data is shifted through the register by one bit position on each clock pulse.

这就是移位寄存器，因为数据在每一个时钟脉冲的作用下通过寄存器会移动一位。

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And if, on top of the bright pulse, a smaller pulse of just the right type is sent, the detector can be forced to record a one or a zero.

并且，如果在强脉冲之上，有一较小的，类型恰巧合适的脉冲发射的话，探测器就只能记录下一个1或者0。

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The fish will be stunned with an electric pulse, netted and re-homed on another section of the canal.

BBC: Fish removed from Bath canal for lock repairs

However, last week's column on the prospects of the Livescribe Pulse was actually the penultimate one on the subject of smart pens -- at least two alternatives have entered the market.

ENGADGET: Switched On: More options for getting from scribble to screen

Today, the best that can be said is that the extent and duration of future EMP-induced blackouts would depend on whether the emitter generates a small or large pulse, and whether it is detonated at ground-level or from high altitudes.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: The Blackout Next Time