The positions of characteristic points represent combination of horizontal shifting effect and filling effect.

特征点的位置反映了平移效应和填充效应的综合效果。

youdao

But, again, the Treasury could offset this effect by changing the maturity structure of its outstanding debt (by shifting toward bills and away from bonds).

但是，再次长期债券通过流通债券期限结构的改变而对冲这种影响(通过从长期国债转向中期国债)。

youdao

Other sensible ideas under discussion include capping damages and strengthening the existing public-interest and fair-comment defences-in effect shifting the burden of proof.

其他正在讨论中的合理主张包括对赔偿额设定上限，以及加强现有的“公共利益”和“公正评论”的抗辩事由—这实际上转移了举证责任。

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This aspiration compels it to promote industrial development and higher education, which has the inevitable effect of shifting much opinion and the power to make decisions to private citizens.

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All this shifting of wealth is a zero-sum game and the net effect on incomes is usually zero, or even negative.

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This announcement has no impact on the single shifting actions or separation programme that was announced in February to take effect at shut down this year.

BBC: Ford letter to staff