Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and optical absorption spectra in the visible region are determined.

测定了玻璃的顺磁共振谱(esr)和可见吸收光谱。

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Methods: Electron spin resonance (ESR) and the new techniques of spin labeling and oxygen spin probe were used in the study.

方法：采用电子自旋共振（ESR）、氧自旋探针和自旋标记等技术方法测定。

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Such problem as to determine the pre-irradiation grafting process parameters is analyzed with Electron-Spin Resonance (ESR).

为了便于确定真丝绸预辐照接枝的工艺参数，采用电子自旋共振技术对这些问题进行分析。

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However, the electron spin resonance data would seem to confirm original suggestions about the bones.

BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Bones hint at first use of fire

"What I was doing was taking these bones and seeing whether in fact I could see electron spin resonance spectra getting progressively smaller and ending up with carbon, " said Dr Skinner.

BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Bones hint at first use of fire

This is because the degree of carbonisation of organic material as measured with electron spin resonance is dependent only upon the amount of carbon and not on the time material has been heated for.

BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Bones hint at first use of fire