For example, in terms of the atomic theory of matter, at the time at the turn of the Century, the understanding was that atoms were the most basic constituent of matter, meaning you couldn't break atoms up into anything smaller - that was it, you're done.
One example of which the White House is fond is theatomic clock the Pentagon helped Harvard to develop so that scientists could test Einstein's theory of relativity.
My desperation is lessened, however, by some of the more quantum physics theory which seems to suggest that, if at a sub-atomic level quarks can be in two places at once, then logically there must be a parallel universe where NZ were 130 all out and we are about to win.