Based on balance management, this paper proposed an optimal issuance model of national debt in order to minimize the expected interest cost of portfolio of national debt.

基于国债余额管理提出了一个国债最优发行模型，以最小化所发行国债组合的期望利率成本。

youdao

With DBS continuous printing check, you can simplify the procedure of check issuance and save your administration cost to enhance your working efficiency. You can thus focus on your core competencies.

星展银行提供连续列印支票做为简便又有效的支票签发方式，专为企业客户处理开票付款的有关程序。

youdao

At the very least, fewer competitors in the business--and bond insurers would need to maintain the highest rating to stay in the game--would raise the cost of bond issuance for many smaller cities and make some projects too expensive to finance.

FORBES: Washington To Bond Insurers: Don't Expect A Bailout

There are no jobs without investment, so the easy answer is to reduce the cost of same through reduced capital gains taxes, and most important, the issuance of a stable dollar the value of which will be a magnet for capital around the world.

FORBES: Political Economy