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Like many cells in neurons, the shape of the cell is intimately related to its function within the organism.
同许多种神经细胞一样,这个细胞的形状和,它们在生物体中执行的功能紧密相关
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It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.
所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体
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The body, the mouse, or the human, or any organism already shows us how to make an ear.
身体，老鼠，人以及其他一些组织,业已向我们展示了耳朵的发育。
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Now it's in this context that Freud begins to think about how it could be that the organism engages itself with thoughts of this kind.
弗洛伊德开始思考,生物是如何,思考这一类问题的呢。
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The governing of a distress call is actually an extremely delicate high-wire act for any young organism from an evolutionary point of view.
事实上，发出求救信号,是极其危险的行为,从进化的角度看,对任何一个年轻的生物体。
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I just mentioned examples of that, so the organism seeks out fat, sweet, and variety and eating large amounts of food becomes a priority, at least according to the brain.
我仅仅是举了个例子,机体寻求脂肪,糖或其他食物,大量进食成了首要任务,至少大脑是这么认为的
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So, a natural product is something that is made by nature, and often natural products, whether it comes from a plant or a marine organism have some really good, useful properties. And so, one particular compound has anti-tumor properties. So, again, along this line of cancer research.
天然产物是在自然界中生成的,通常一个天然产物，不管是来自植物或者海洋生物,都有些非常好非常实用的性质，其中的一个特殊的化合物,可以治疗癌症,再一次我们又来到癌症研究上。
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Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Freud, she realized the focuses had been too much on the negative-- on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also, not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism.
她最初是精神分析学者，学习弗洛伊德的理论，意识到其过于注重消极面-,神经症，精神病，她认为，还必须关注影响人类生命体的东西。
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You take that plasmid; you put in the micro-organism you're going to make many,many copies of that plasmid.
你把一个质粒放进微生物体内,你就会得到,很多很多质粒的拷贝
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Some of those differences in cells are obvious if you look at the cells in an adult organism.
你留心观察某个成年的生物,就会发现某些细胞分化极其明显
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The whole human organism is made up of a collection of organs, and organ systems, you know this.
完整的人类肌体由许多的器官,许多的系统构成,你懂的
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This restriction enzyme was found in a natural source, it was found in a micro-organism called E.coli.
这个限制性内切酶源于自然界,是从名为大肠杆菌的微生物中发现的
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There is more because the organism doesn't just want to die.
有机体活着除了为了死亡也会有别的目的。
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It's this group of cells, this subset of cells from the developing embryo that become the embryo, that become the organism, become the human.
这一组细胞,这组发育胚胎中的细胞亚群,发育成胚胎,发育组织,直至发育成整个人体
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And much easier to purify and know what you have at the end, than if you're trying to harvest it from a whole complex organism.
最终产品的纯化和鉴定也比,从复杂的生物体上提取和鉴定容易
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As division happens and the developing organism acquires more and more cells, individual cells become differentiated, they become more and more like their final mature form.
分裂过程不断发生,以及发育中的有机体对更多细胞的需求,细胞个体便逐渐分化,它们越来越接近成熟细胞的样子
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