That is the special category that Foucault wants to reserve for those privileged figures whom he calls founders of discursivity.
这就是福柯想为那些他称之为散漫性创始人的,特权作家们保留的特殊类别。
And so, Rutherford had a fellow working in his lab by the name of Geiger. And, Geiger invented a detector.
卢瑟福的一个实验同事,叫做盖革,他发明了一种探测器。
Aristotle is considered the "father of criticism," and yet he is also what Foucault would call a "founder of discursivity."
亚里士多德被认为是批判学之父“,但他是福柯承认的话语学奠基人“
So I had classmates from Hawaii and Klamath Falls, Oregon So you were in the situation.
所以我的同学中有来自夏威夷的,来自俄勒冈州克拉马斯福尔斯市的,所以当时在那样的形势下。
They were the same size in the 1850s, but Brive gets the railroad and not Tulle, the railroad from Paris.
它们在十九世纪五十年代还是一样大的,但是布瑞福修了铁路,而不是图勒,通往巴黎的铁路
Well, of course,the most famous Greek case,I think of these things, is in Sophocles' play Oedipus the King, which illustrates it perfectly well.
尼弥西斯:希腊神话中司复仇的三女神的总称 关于这种情况,最著名的希腊案例,我想是,索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》,它对其进行了完美的阐述
People living in Darfur are certainly less happy than people living in Denmark or the United States.
生活在达尔福尔的人,肯定没有生活在丹麦或美国的人快乐。
I don't think we're meant to feel much for Hoover Shoates here.
我不认为我们会同情胡福-硕茨。
Louis XIV was invited by his treasurer a man called Fouquet, to go and eat there.
有一次路易十四受他的财务大臣,福凯特的邀请去他的城堡赴宴
Because when you do favor to people, people are more likely to contribute to your campaigns.
当你为群众谋福时,人们更有可能,为你选举加油。
See, I set before you this day life and prosperity, death and adversity.
看呐,我今日将生与福,死与祸,陈明在你面前。
Learn the accomplishments of active life, take for your models not those people who spend their time on these petty quibbles but those who have a good livelihood and reputation and many other blessings."
学个谋生的一技之长,别学那些满嘴谬论的人,要学那些生活富足,声名显赫及福泽深厚的人“
We ended the day with Bohr's model of the atom, which derived from the conceptualization of Rutherford.
那天课的结尾我们讲了从卢瑟福的概念中,衍生出来的波尔的原子模型。
By the way, once again there's a bit of a rift there between Barthes and Foucault. Foucault wouldn't say "quite futile."
顺便说一句,这里巴特和福柯,又有了分歧,巴特不会说“没有希望“
He understood the interaction of particles of matter, and that's important to set the stage for the Rutherford experiment in Manchester about 10 years later.
他理解物质粒子之间的相互作用,这点很重要,对于10年后他在曼彻斯特搭设,用于卢瑟福实验的平台来说。
And Rutherford, who I have already described to you as being a little bit colorful in his language, backed up Bohr on this.
而卢瑟福,就是以前我跟你们提过的那个,语言丰富生动的人,在这一点上证实了波尔的理论。
But there is the opposite possibility, in the Beatitudes we read, "Blessed are the poor in spirit."
但是也有另一种可能性,《八福词》,里圣人讲,“虚心的人有福“
And, Rutherford was invited to occupy the chair and be the director of the Cavendish Laboratory.
卢瑟福被邀请去担任,卡文迪许实验室的主任。
Foucault continues, Instead, these questions will be raised: "How, under what conditions, and in what forms can something like a subject appear in the order of discourse?
福柯继续说,取而代之的,这些问题会被问到:“哪种情况下,一个类似主题的东西会如何,以什么形式的话语顺序出现?
Hoover Shoates got his head out of the way but not his thumb.
胡福-硕茨只来得及把他的头缩回去,却没来得及把拇指抽回。
And,so,that centralization is--also there are mountains there, it's easier to build in Brive.
所以说中央集权是…当然,图勒有山,在布瑞福修铁路会更加容易
The Phocaeans chose instead to take their city,which is to say, all the people in the city, put them on ships, sailed to the far west,and organized a new city out there.
而福西亚人选择,不是带上整座城市,而是带上所有的人民,将他们放到船上,航行到遥远的西方,并在那里建了个新城
In other words, Foucault is up to something interesting, and probably we should meet him at least halfway to see, to measure, the degree of interest we may have in it.
换言之,福柯在从事很有趣的事业,或许我们至少可以在半途加入他的行列,去看看我们是否也能对此有兴趣。
Because we're as skeptical about skepticism as we are about anything else we're likely to raise our eyebrows and say, "Hmm. Doesn't this guy Foucault think he's an author?
因为我们对怀疑论的怀疑,肯定和我们扬起眉毛质疑其他事物是一样的,我们会说:“嗯,这个叫福柯的人自称是作家吗?
By the first century, when Christianity was coming around, it was not so much the place where you'd go to see necessarily high theater, like Sophocles or Euripides or something like that.
公元一世纪,基督教诞生时,当时的剧院,上演的并不是什么高级戏剧,比如索福克勒斯或者欧里庇得斯的戏剧。
He'd come back, and Rutherford accepted him in his lab.
他就来了,卢瑟福接收他到他的实验室来。
J. J. Thompson, model. Rutherford, experimental data.
汤姆逊,模型,卢瑟福,数据。
And, here's the Rutherford experiment.
这就是著名的卢瑟福实验。
One of the proponents is Ernest Rutherford.
一个支持者是恩内斯特,卢瑟福。
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