The fundamental problem is that cancer is an enormously complex, unpredictable evolutionary process characterized by extreme genetic and epigenetic diversity that occurs within the patient.
The review also found a "fundamental problem" with accountability and governance arrangements of the ambulance service which it describes as "complex and lacking in clarity".
"One of the fundamental questions that neuroscientists are facing today is how we link the activity of individual neurons to the complex behaviours that we see in whole organisms and whole animals, " said Dr Ben Whalley, a neuroscientist at Reading.
But what would he have made of the fundamental change in the Telegraph's operation, from being a simple newspaper to being a combination of paper and complex on-line production?