The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand.
国民生产总值的增长率将依赖于总需求的增长率。
Even though manufacturers and retailers can forecast aggregate demand with some certainty, forecasting accurately how that demand will be distributed among the many SKU's they sell is difficult.
尽管制造商和零售商能够有一定把握地预测总需求，但要准确地预测需求将如何在他们销售的众多SKU中分配是困难的。
Fiscal stimulus has helped shore up aggregate demand.
财政刺激政策帮助支撑了总需求。
Monetary easing has raised expected aggregate demand.
放松银根可能提高了预期的总需求。
But boosting aggregate demand did not end the Great Depression.
但是增加总需求并没有结束大萧条。
This constrains global aggregate demand.
这限制了全球总需求。
There are two ways to deal with excess aggregate demand.
有两种方法可以解决超额的总需求。
The cause of unemployment was inadequate aggregate demand.
失业的原因在于总需求不足。
An increase in the budget deficit boosts aggregate demand.
预算赤字增加使总需求扩大。
Thee cause of unemployment was inadequate aggregate demand.
失业的原因在于总需求不足。
The essence of aggregate demand is greater than the total social supply.
其实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。
That recession (or the shortage of global aggregate demand) is the elephant in the room.
衰退（或者说全球总体需求短缺）是明摆着的的现实（英谚：房中的大象，the elephantin theroom，译者注）。
What causes the lags in the effect of monetary and fiscal policy on aggregate demand?
什么因素导致货币和财政政策对总需求影响的时滞？
Increasing aggregate demand is supposed to increase output growth by increasing labor input.
提高总需求理应通过提高劳动力投入来提升产出量的增长。
Shifting income from those who would spend it to those who won't lowers aggregate demand.
收入从会花钱的人那里转移到了不会花钱的人手中，这拉低了总需求。
The second link is whether the change of aggregate demand would cause the change of the output.
第二环节是总需求的变动是否引起产出的变动。
There is only one kind of fiscal policy that can hope to bring about desired changes in aggregate demand.
只有一种财政政策可以带来总需求的理想变化。
A negative interest rate would certainly encourage people to borrow and spend, thereby expanding aggregate demand.
利率为负肯定能鼓励大众借贷和消费，从而扩大总需求。
The direct cause of formation of business cycles is that aggregate demand doesn't comply with aggregate supply.
经济周期的直接成因是总需求与总供给的不一致。
From the perspective of global economic recovery, higher commodity prices caused by more aggregate demand are good news.
从全球经济复苏的角度来看，由总需求增加造成的高价格是好消息。
But since expanding aggregate demand is precisely the goal of the interest rate cut, that incentive is not a bug but a feature!
但是，由于扩大总需求正是降息的目的，这一消费激励并非这个方案的缺陷，而是这个方案的特点。
The real shock to the economic cycle can be reflected by contradictions between the aggregate supply and aggregate demand.
实际冲击对经济周期产生的影响可以通过总供给与总需求的矛盾表现出来。
The effect of deflation in reducing aggregate demand, known as debt deflation, probably played a significant role in the Great Depression.
通缩于降低总需求上的效应叫做债务紧缩，在大萧条时期它可能扮演了重要的角色。
Indeed, I believe that things are even worse: as long as aggregate demand remains low, we cannot even tell which pieces are right side up.
事实上，我认为情况甚至要更糟。由于总需求一直萎靡不振，我们甚至不知道哪几块拼图是正面朝上的。
That is true of hard engineering technology as well as the tacit knowledge of how best to organise production, support markets and manage aggregate demand.
无论是对于具体的工程科技，还是抽象的如何组织生产，支撑市场，管理总需求，情况都是如此。
If there is debate about the details, it is remarkable how unanimous economists now are that fiscal policy needs to be used actively to boost aggregate demand.
如果关于具体的细节上有争议，那么经济学家们现在都惊人一致地认为财政政策必须积极地用来刺激总需求。
Calvo noted that while the U.S. is suffering "a double-whammy" of a drop in aggregate demand combined with a credit crunch, most emerging markets are faring better.
卡尔沃强调指出，美国正承受着需求总量下降和信贷紧缩的“双重打击”，而大多数新兴市场的处境要好一些。
Calvo noted that while the U.S. is suffering "a double-whammy" of a drop in aggregate demand combined with a credit crunch, most emerging markets are faring better.
卡尔沃强调指出，美国正承受着需求总量下降和信贷紧缩的“双重打击”，而大多数新兴市场的处境要好一些。
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