The futures contracts were invented in Japan in the 1600s at Osaka and they were developed for the rice market in Japan.
期货交易合同发明于,16世纪的日本大阪,并在日本的大米市场得到发展
because most people in the industry do tend to, as I say, work contracts.
因为这个行业里的大部分人如我所说,通常会签合同。
We also have standardized contracts that are traded on exchanges and they're called futures contracts.
也有在交易所中交易的,标准化合同,它们被称做期货合约
Well if you have a slave, that slave can't actually sign contracts.
如果你有一个奴隶,但法律规定奴隶不能签署合同。
How do they enforce their contracts?
他们怎么能用强制力约束合同
The government, after this time, did issue contracts to manufacturing companies to produce new quantities of the virus.
在此事件之后,美国政府,和病毒生产企业签了,生产一些病毒的合同
Not contracts.
其实并不是契约
they tend to prefer to bring people on for short-term contracts,
他们都通常喜欢雇佣短期合同工,
They're the ones--there are other people who have contracts with the company, like the employees, but the employees are not shareholders; they are receiving salary or something else.
还有其他,和公司签订了合同的人,像员工,但员工不是股东,他们拿工资或其他东西
Generally these are called over-the-counter contracts because they're not arranged through exchanges.
通常来说 它们被称为场外交易合同,因为这种交易是在交易所之外进行的
Tony Soprano enforces those contracts.
托尼·索普拉诺用暴力维系这些协议
It says the price index contained this amount of beef, this amount of sheep wool, this amount of sole leather, and this amount of corn; that was the first consumer price index ever used for financial contracts.
指数中包括这些数量的牛肉,这些数量的羊毛,这些数量的鞋底皮,这些数量的玉米,这是在金融合约里出现的,第一个消费者物价指数
The reason the mafia thrives in countries where it's hard to write legal contracts-- let's say some new parts of the former Soviet Union or some parts of Africa the reason the mafia thrives in those environments, is that it substitutes for the law and enforces both legal and illegal contracts.
黑恶势力在那些,书面协议不受保护国家不断壮大,比如前苏联新成员国 或者非洲,为什么黑恶势力在这些地方发展壮大,因为这是法律强制力的补充,它维系所有合同,不管是不是合法的
In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?
现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢
Then you're not supposed to ever do anything that's not honest or not living up to contracts, but your purpose is only one purpose: it's the shareholder.
所以你不能做任何,不诚实或者不符合合同要求的事,你的服务人群只有一个,就是股东
What happens in Russia is what happens in Prussia, as well, and in other parts of Eastern Europe, particularly in the Hapsburg domains--you have, to make a very bad pun, a resurfacing of the region by people forced into serf contracts.
在普鲁士发生了与俄国一样的事情,东欧的其他地区也是一样,特别是哈布斯堡王朝的领域,说个不好的双关语吧,被迫签下契约变成农奴的人们把这些地区改头换面了
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