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No life is completely immune to those.
没有谁的人生是一帆风顺的。
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We're going to talk about how they're prepared, but it's a preparation that is intended to stimulate your immune system.
我们会讲它们是如何做准备的,它通过刺激你的免疫系统来进行准备
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And our psychological immune system strengthens when we give ourselves the permission to be human.
我们的心理免疫系统会加强,当我们准许自己为人时。
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So, just an introduction to the classes of potential foreign invaders that our immune system tries to defend us against.
所以 我只是简单介绍几类,免疫系统试图抵御的潜在外来侵略者
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This is a way for the immune system to recognize things that are going wrong inside the cell protected from antibodies.
这是免疫系统识别,抗体不能识别的细胞内病变的方法
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So, the antigen we're thinking about is a vaccine particularly designed to elicit immune response against a pathogen.
我们现在考虑的这种抗原,是一种特别设计的疫苗,它能够诱发免疫效应以消灭病原体
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People have tried to produce viruses that are different, adenoviruses for example, that your immune system can't recognize.
人们尝试制造一些不同的病毒,就拿腺病毒来说,让免疫系统无法识别
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Usually it's done by taking all or part of the infectious agent, and showing them to your immune system in some way.
通常它会带着全部或部分抗原介质,并以某种方式呈递给你的免疫系统
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So a vaccine is designed in order to engage that biology, in order to provide antigens that will stimulate specifically your immune system.
所以疫苗的作用就是参与这个生理活动,提供抗原 来刺激你的免疫系统
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We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.
在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理
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How do you engineer what happens in our immune system in order to protect us from diseases?
我们如何将免疫功能工程化,保护我们远离疾病
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Learning how to turn on your immune system to protect you from a specific pathogen turns out to be very particular to that pathogen.
它发动你的免疫系统来保护你,免受某种病原体的侵袭,只是针对这种特定病原体
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That's a big problem and so can you protect these cells that you give to the recipient from attack by the recipient's immune system?
并且至关重要,那么你们想办法保护这些植入受体的细胞,使它们免受免疫系统的排异反应么
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So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.
所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活
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You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.
你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈
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The innate immune system composed of neutrophils and macrophages; these are cells that are crawling around your body all the time ready to eat bacteria.
它由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞构成,这些细胞不断在周身蠕行,准备吞噬细菌
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