It has the function, in other words, of negating its own meaning in another semiotic system, in this case the semiotic system of the stoplight.

也就是说，他有这样那样的功能，在不同语义系统中表示的甚至完全相反，就像红灯表示的这些不同含义一样。

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All of that somewhat complicates the picture, but at the same time, I think you can see that there is a connection between those semiotic systems.

这理解起来可能很复杂，但是你们还是能看到,这些符号系统间的一些联系。

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This, by the way, is a way of showing the fact that everything which appears in a semiotic system is conventional, right?

这也表明了,任何在符号系统中出现的符号都要符合惯例？

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There is a Darwinian semiotics, understanding the relationships among species in semiotic terms.

达尔文主义的符号学，用符号学来研究物种间的关系。

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The red light is intelligible, in other words, within that semiotic system.

红灯在这样的语境里，就有了它的意义。

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Other systems: the gestures that mimes use, semaphores, are all semiotic systems.

其他的系统，比如手势，模仿，信号，他们都是符号系统。

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this is perhaps the most interesting thing because it forces us to show the complexity, to see the complexity, of semiotic relationships: a red light, just to return to the Christian holiday, a red light on a Christmas tree.

现在我们讲到了一个耐人寻味论点,这个问题迫使我们要思考，符号系统之间复杂的联系：,当我们再圣诞节时看到红灯，圣诞树上的红灯。

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Now if all we have to go on is just this semiotic system, it's going to be kind of hard to put up resistance to by the same token we'll say "yellow" means "pause," "green" means "go."

而从语义学角度分析，我们必须不能这么想,这样绿色自然就表示继续，黄色表示暂停“

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