Another important capacity for the poor is risk coping, i.e. dealing with shocks ex-post by reducing variability in consumption in spite of income fluctuations.

贫困者的另一项重要能力是风险应对，即尽管收入波动，通过减少消费变化，事后应对冲击。

youdao

Many purists doubt whether this is really a form of marketing orientation at all, because of the ex post status of consumer research.

很多纯粹主义者怀疑者到底是否一种真正的市场营销导向，因为它事后才做消费者调查。

youdao

In response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.

为此，小农制定了(事前)风险管理和(事后)风险应对战略。

youdao

The belief that women are biologically destined to be domestic and subordinate is just a construct, created by psychologists and social scientists, and used as an ex-post-facto justification for inequality.

NEWYORKER: Books as Bombs

Each of these terms are ex-post accounts.

FORBES: The Question I Ponder: Who Plans (And Spends) For Whom?

Using desired fertility constructed from both retrospective and prospective questions, together with instrumental variables estimation, it is shown this strong result is not affected by either ex-post rationalization of births nor the dependence of desired fertility on contraceptive access or cost.

FORBES: UN Population Predictions: Up To 15 Billion by 2100