In response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.

为此，小农制定了(事前)风险管理和(事后)风险应对战略。

youdao

Pass any bill of attainder ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or grant any title of nobility.

不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

youdao

Pass any bill of attainder ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or grant any title of nobility .

不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

youdao

Cicero did not use ad hoc as we do, nor the economist's jargon ex post.

ECONOMIST: Johnson: Don't shoot the pian-ist | The

It not only trumped the ex post facto issue, I thought, but the basic immunities of absolute sovereignty.

NPR: Listening In On the Nuremberg Trials

Some insisted it was illegitimate to try men under ex post facto laws that did not exist when the acts were committed.

NPR: Listening In On the Nuremberg Trials