They can minimize the effort by the hearer in the pursue of optimal relevance.
话语标记语可以减少听话人在理解话语时所付出的努力,获得话语的最佳关联性。
参考来源 - 关联推理中的话语标记语的语用研究In part four, the focus, i. e. a sort of non-communion information between thespeaker and hearer. There’s only one type of focus--the information focus.
焦点即说话者和听话者之间的一种非共享信息,其类型只有一种——信息焦点。
参考来源 - “是……的”结构的语义角色及其焦点指派·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
N-COUNT Your hearers are the people who are listening to you speak. 听者; 听众 [正式]
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