Compared with bulk materials, nanoscaled materials have many unique properties, such as small size effect, surface and boundary effect, quantum size effect and so on.

与块体材料相比，纳米材料具有很多独特的性质，如小尺寸效应、表面与界面效应、量子尺寸效应等。

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Nano material performances can remarkably improve the physical properties and performances of the refractory material due to its surface effect, quantum size effect and tunnelling effect.

纳米材料由于具有表面效应、量子尺寸效应和隧道效应，以添加剂的形式加入耐火材料中，可显著提高耐火材料物理性能和使用性能。

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Semiconductor quantum dot is a mesoscopic system with marked quantum size effect.

半导体量子点是一种具有显著量子尺寸效应的介观体系。

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But then there is another difficulty: making the components exactly the right size is even more crucial for a quantum-effect device than for a regular transistor.

ECONOMIST: The transistor��s heir