-
It was a little primitive establishment almost a commune in which Welles being a teenager, the grown-up will have a great time.
那是一个原始的建筑,就像一个小社区，在那里,威尔斯度过了少年。
-
That is, if you are one of these commune communities, then you're just a small number of people.
即使是公社，集结成的也只是个小众团体。
-
He lived in the Tuileries palace along the Seine, which was burned in 1871 during the commune.
塞纳河畔的杜伊勒里宫,它在1871年被巴黎公社付之一炬
-
And you have to imagine him after the commune,after the slaughter and the buildings are still burning,or at least smoldering, that he comes to Paris.
你可以想象,在巴黎公社后,在大屠杀之后,房屋仍在燃烧,或至少是在冒烟,这时候他来到了巴黎
-
Paris is a commune, but so is a village of twelve people, is a commune--36,000. In World War One, only twelve didn't have somebody killed.
巴黎是个居民点,但是一个12人的村子,也是个居民点--36000个,在一战中,只要十二个没有死人
-
The Paris Commune has to be placed in the context of two things going on.
要讲巴黎公社,就必须把当时发生的两件事作为背景
-
That was the Commune and we're going to go on to the State next time.
这就是巴黎公社,下次我们讲主权国家
-
The commune, the numbers of the commune were swollen by political refugees.
公社的数量,随着政治难民的不断加入而迅速壮大
-
The wealthy people mostly got out again, and the commune holds on.
那些富有的人们又作鸟兽散,但公社的人们坚守阵地
-
The commune is important in the big Hay Market Affair, the collective memory of the commune in the Hay Market Affair in Chicago and the people hung there in-- when was it--1886.
公社在"干草市场事件"中至关重要,公社的集体记忆在芝加哥"干草市场事件"中,是至关重要的,人们被吊死,时间是...一八八六年
-
This is how I end the previous course, but it's the most appropriate place to start this one, because the Paris Commune hung over Europe for the next twenty or thirty years.
我上节课结束时就讲到这里,这十分适合作为这节课的开头,因为巴黎公社的阴霾,笼罩了欧洲接下来的二三十年
-
So, what was the Paris Commune?
那么,巴黎公社是什么呢
-
And people used to go up there on May Day, and sometimes on the anniversary of the Commune, just to see where these people fell, with enormous more dignity than the people who shot them.
过去,人们会在国际劳动节时上那去,有时候巴黎公社纪念日也去,就是要去看看那些人们倒下的地方,相比那些射杀他们的人们,他们有着高得多的尊严
-
But,anyway,so when France collapsed after the war, and when the Commune comes along,it seems to Royalists, that is,the people who wanted a restoration of the monarchy, that their ship had come in.So what's going to happen?
回到正题,当法国在战后崩溃,公社出现,对君主主义者来说,这些人希望君主制的复辟,他们的机会来了,将会发生什么呢
-
Interestingly enough, ten years ago somebody found photos taken by this Parisian of the siege in the Commune in the back of the Hotel de Ville; they were found ten years ago, they had survived.
令人颇感惊奇的是,在十年前,有人发现了由巴黎人所拍的,公社在市政厅后被围的一些相片,它们于十年前被发现,居然得以留存完好
-
And the commune, despite the fact that there's lots of-- you could hear in the distance the guns sometimes getting closer and closer, and attempts to break out fail miserably, they pass all sorts of impressive social legislation.
在公社里,尽管有很多...,公社不远处不时能听到枪声,不断逼近,而突围的尝试又屡次惨败,他们还通过了各式法律法规
-
You can still see in the Pantheon-- the sort of secular monument but also just Napoleonic generals one after another-- you can still see bullet holes there, from the Commune, not just from World War Two, from where people were executed.
你在先贤祠,那是安葬着诸如埃米尔·左拉等,当然一个挨一个的,也放着拿破仑一世的将军们,你在那仍然可以看到弹孔,它是巴黎公社时就留下的,不仅仅只是二战时候的,人们被处决时留下的弹孔
-
So, the Commune begins on the 18th of March, 1871, and it lasts until the end of May, 1871. Lenin once called it the "Festival of the Oppressed"; and Lenin was wrong about many things, he was right about a few things but wrong about many, but he got that one right.
由此,巴黎公社在一八七一年三月十八日成立,并于同年的五月底被政府所瓦解,列宁将这段时间称为"受压迫者的庆典",列宁做错过不少事情,他做对的事情寥寥无几,但对于巴黎公社的评价是正确的
-
And this was the ultimate lesson of the Commune that would hang over Europe.
这才是巴黎公社遗留给整个欧洲的,最大的教训
-
who was a Russian militant who was one of the leaders of the commune.
她创立了"保卫巴黎和护理伤员妇女联盟"
-
The state could strike back with unparalleled savagery against those people who got in the way, and that's what happened at the commune, in the Paris Commune.
但它竟也可以以空前野蛮的步伐倒退,就为了对抗那些阻碍了他们的人们,这就是在公社时期所发生的,巴黎公社时期
-
Okay, today I want to talk about the Paris Commune.
好的,今天我想谈谈巴黎公社
-
And, in my view, the Paris Commune and the massacre that followed the Paris Commune, the massacre of thousands and thousands of people, anticipated the twentieth century, when you became guilty for just being who you were.
在我看来,巴黎公社和随后的那场,使得成千上万的人死于非命的大屠杀,都预示了二十世纪的血雨腥风,人们仅仅因为自己的出身而获罪
-
The armies that they were opposing, the French armies, were largely staffed by peasants from conservative areas, or from National Guards brought in from towns like Vannes, And, so, the commune--it's somewhat semi-proletarian, they're mostly working people.
他们所对抗的军队,也就是法国的军队,大部分是由保守郊区的农民,或是从诸如瓦纳,埃夫勒,所以,这些公社,有点半无产阶级的感觉,大部分都是有工作的人们
-
The kind of myth of the commune was, of course, that from the conservatives' point of view was that these were the furies of hell, the men and the women who rose up to slay their social betters.
有关公社还有一种传说,当然,这是保守派的看法,传说这些人都是来自地狱的怒火,人们揭竿而起去打倒上层社会阶级
应用推荐